Reporting and Interpreting the Results and References

Reporting Results
The purpose of this project is to find a correlation between loneliness and self-esteem of International Islamic University Malaysia students.

The sample consisted of equal number of participants from both gender (M=20, F=20), which then are divided equally between 4 years of study for each gender. The loneliness scale total scores (M=6.65, SD=2.87) showed lower scores than the self-esteem scale total scores (M=26.83, SD=4.52). The median number of the loneliness scale total scores was 6.50, compared to a median of 26.50 for the self-esteem scale total scores. In the loneliness scale total scores, 7 occurs the most; therefore, 7 is the mode. On the other hand, self-esteem scale total scores which is 22 occurs the most; thus, makes 22 the mode.

A Pearson product-moment was conducted to test the relationship between loneliness and self-esteem scores. The results showed that loneliness and self-esteem was not statistically significant, r(38) = -0.161, p> 0.05 (two-tailed). The null hypothesis was failed to be rejected due to not enough evidence to support research hypothesis. This results also suggest that there is a very low negative relationship between loneliness and self-esteem.

Differential Loneliness Scale by Shchmidt & Sermat (1983) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale by Rosenberg (1965) were used to measure IIUM students’ loneliness and self-esteem scores. A total of 40 students at IIUM answered both loneliness and self-esteem scales which consisted of 20 items and 10 items respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha for these 20 items was 0.522 indicating a poor reliability. Furthermore, the Cronbach’s alpha for these 10 items was 0.893, which indicates a good reliability.

REFERENCES

Rosenberg, M (1965). Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Retrieved from http://fetzer.org/sites/default/files/images/stories/pdf/selfmeasures/Self_Measures_for_Self-Esteem_ROSENBERG_SELF-ESTEEM.pdf

Schmidt, N. & Sermat, V. (1983). Differential loneliness scale – short student version. Retrieved from http://www.yorku.ca/rokada/psyctest/lonelys.pdf